Everything about Odoardo Farnese totally explained
» See also, Odoardo Cardinal Farnese.
Odoardo Farnese (
April 28,
1612 -
September 11,
1646) was
Duke of Parma and Piacenza from
1622 to 1646.
Odoardo was the sole legitimate son of
Ranuccio I Farnese and
Margherita Aldobrandini. After Ranuccio's natural son and his potential rival, Ottavio, was relegated in a prison, he reigned initially under the regency of his uncle
Odoardo Cardinal Farnese and, after the latter's death, of his mother,
Margherita Aldobrandini.
He came of age in 1628 and in the same year he married Margherita de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Cosimo II de' Medici's daughter. His first notable act as Duke was an alliance with
France (
1633), a move to counter
Spain's predominance in northern Italy and support his ambitions of conquest. He also asked loans to improve the army and, but his first campaigns were ineffective:
Piacenza was occupied by the Spanish troops, and his army was defeated by
Francesco I d'Este. Odoardo was convinced by Pope
Urban VIII to sign a treaty of peace with Spain in 1637. (Note error of fact: Spanish troops overran the duchy and devastated the countryside, but they didn't attempt to lay siege to the cities. In the absence of French help, Odoardo was convinced by Pope Urban VIII to sign a treaty of peace with Spain in 1637).
His aggressive tenure of the of
Castro, a Farnese fief in the
Papal States north to
Rome who the Barberini (Urban's family) were eager to acquire, gained Odoardo an excommunication in
1641. He replied seeking alliances with
Venice,
Florence and
Modena, and invading the northern Lazio with 7,000 infantry. (Error of fact: The army comprised mostly of cavalry, and was unable to recover Castro by siege). Although the Farnese fleet went destroyed and the Duke proved often hesitant, the peace of 1644 gave him back Castro and he was readmitted into the Christian Church.
Odoardo died suddenly in
Piacenza, his favourite residence, in the September 1646.
Marriage and children
Odoardo Farnese married Margherita de Medici (
May 31,
1612 -
February 6,
1679) on
October 11,
1628. They had the following sons:
Further Information
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